Definition and Discussion of Mental Grammar

Mental grammar is the  generative grammar stored in the brain that allows a speaker to produce language that other speakers can understand. It is also known as  competence grammar and linguistic competence. It contrasts with linguistic performance, which is the correctness of actual language use according to a languages prescribed rules.   The concept of mental grammar was popularized by American linguist Noam Chomsky in his groundbreaking work  Syntactic Structures (1957). Philippe  Binder and Kenny Smith noted in The Language Phenomenon how important Chomskys work was: This focus on grammar as a mental entity allowed enormous progress to be made in characterizing the structure of languages. Related to this work is  Universal Grammar, or the predisposition for the brain to learn complexities of grammar from an early age, without being implicitly taught all the rules. The study of how the brain actually does this is called neurolinguistics. One way to clarify  mental  or competence  grammar  is to ask a friend a question about a sentence, Pamela J. Sharpe writes in Barrons How to Prepare for the TOEFL IBT. Your friend probably wont know why  its correct, but that friend will know  if  its correct. So one of the features of mental or competence grammar is this incredible sense of correctness and the ability to hear something that sounds odd in a language. Its a subconscious or implicit knowledge of grammar, not learned by rote. In The Handbook of Educational Linguistics,  William C. Ritchie and Tej K. Bhatia note, A central aspect of the knowledge of a particular language variety consists in its grammar—that is, its  implicit  (or tacit or subconscious) knowledge of the rules of pronunciation (phonology), of word structure (morphology), of sentence structure (syntax), of certain aspects of meaning (semantics), and of a  lexicon  or vocabulary. Speakers of a given language variety are said to have an implicit  mental grammar  of that variety consisting of these rules and lexicon. It is this mental grammar that determines in large part the perception and production of speech  utterances. Since the mental grammar plays a role in actual language use, we must conclude that it is represented in the brain in some way.The detailed study of the language users mental grammar is generally regarded as the domain of the discipline of linguistics, whereas the study of the way in which the mental grammar is put to use in the actual comprehension and production of speech in linguistic per formance has been a major concern of  psycholinguistics. (In Monolingual Language Use and Acquisition: An Introduction.) Prior to the early 20th century and previous to Chomsky, it wasnt really studied how humans acquire language or what exactly in ourselves makes us different from animals, which dont use language like we do. It was just classified abstractly that humans have reason, or a rational soul as Descartes put it, which really doesnt explain how we acquire language—especially as babies. Babies and toddlers dont really receive grammar instruction on how to put words together in a sentence, yet they learn their native tongue just by exposure to it. Chomsky worked on what it was that was special about human brains that enabled this learning.

Feminist Theory Of Feminism - 1697 Words

It is no longer a surprise that gender equality continues to be a problem in our society. Although all feminists agree that it is a prominent issue, they have different ways of combating it. Some feminists agree with having a sex/gender distinction, which uses â€Å"sex† as the term to describe biological features and â€Å"gender† as the term to describe the social standings. Due to his distinction, many feminists believe that the social implications, or gender, needs to be changed to achieve equality. Two approaches that aim to change the social implications of gender are the conventionalist approach and the abolitionist approach. These two approaches believe that gender is a completely social product and should be eradicated in order to achieve†¦show more content†¦The existence of men and women are not completely mind-dependent, â€Å"as one does not cease to be a woman (or a man) just by altering one’s social environment† (Mikkola 73). Mikkol a demonstrates this implication by comparing the label of â€Å"woman† with the label of â€Å"US Senator†. â€Å"Woman† and â€Å"US Senator† can both be used as social terms but only â€Å"woman† can be used both as a social term and biological term. For example, just by looking at one’s body, it makes sense to us to evaluate one to be a woman but it is not possible to determine the body to be a US senator (Mikkola 70). Gender terms are commonly interchangeable with sex terms because women are ordinary thought to be human females and men are ordinary thought to be human males. Ordinary social agents does not see gender as a purely social matter and thus a conventionalist approach would be â€Å"unintuitive† because just changing our social environment will not eradicate all the problematic issues of gender. Mikkola also points out that even if conventionalists are able to convince ordinary social agents to view gender as a strictly social construction, it would be hard to pinpoint what and how much social changes is needed to accomplish gender equality (73). Since gender is a hugely complex issue and difficult to be thought as a strictly social production, Mikkola believes that it is strategically better for feminists to come up with an approach that is more contingent with ordinary thinking. Mikkola believesShow MoreRelatedFeminist Theory Of Feminism1245 Words   |  5 Pagesinvited to feel welcome to participate in the conversation ( Watson, 2014). In the feminist perspective, which is an extension of feminism, there is support of equality for both women and men. Feminism is a belief that women and men have equal rights and opportunities. There are many different branches in the feminist perspective, one of the most interesting one is intersectional feminism. Intersectional feminism believes that experiences of class, gender, and race can not be adequately understoodRead MoreFeminist Theory Of Feminism1121 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to Webster’s dictionary, feminism is defined as the theory of political, economic, and social equality of the sexes. In today’s modern world, no matter which end of the political spectrum a person is on, the term can invoke strong feelings - some of which have created a sense of shame or harm associated with the concept. These associations of wrongdoing and radicalism with the theory of feminism and its subsequent movement have existed long before the era of social media activism and selfies;Read MoreFeminist Theory Of Feminism1766 Words   |  8 Pages Feminism is a fight against oppression, but white supremacy exists within feminist movements, which is an obvious contradiction of the theory. â€Å"The feminist movement has centered on the experiences of White women and dismissed the experiences of Women of Color† (Feenstra, 2017, p. 67). In an article titled, From White Feminism to Intersectional Advocacy: The Development of a White Antiracist Identity, Abby Elizabeth Feenstra, a feminist illuminates her journey to becoming conscious of her whiteRead MoreFeminism : A Feminist Theory1301 Words   |  6 PagesWGS 3600: Feminist Theory Frankie Snyder and Jax McMillian Due: 12/10/2015 Feminism is gender liberation Feminism needs to be more broadly defined in terms of gender liberation to encompass individuals from all walks of genders (or nongenders). Separating gender nonconforming issues from feminism is erasive; marginalized gender nonconforming individuals should not be told to fend for themselves and their own rights due to a multitude of oppressions experienced by these individuals (based on the prejudicialRead MoreFeminism And The Feminist Theory Essay2030 Words   |  9 PagesThe feminist theory takes the motion of the feminist equal rights movement and transforms it into a theoretical study. This rather new approach explores the status of females and equality activists as well as their role in society relating to others. The feminist theory explains what is relevant to women and the women s movement as well as how definitions are changing over time, whether they are sociological, philosophical, or psychological (Grosz, 2010). As the gender gap closes in our societyRead MoreFeminism A nd The Feminist Theory1942 Words   |  8 Pages2015 Feminist Theory Research Paper Though feminism and the feminist theory are often construed as the same philosophy, the two are related, yet different concepts. Feminism is defined as, â€Å"the theory of the political, economic, and social equality of the sexes† (Merriam Webster Dictionary). In turn, a feminist is an individual who believes that men and women should be equal politically, economically, culturally, and socially (Definitions of Branches of Feminist). However, the feminist theory isRead MoreFeminism And The Postmodern Feminist Theory1596 Words   |  7 PagesThe evolution of feminist theory from a modern to a postmodern viewpoint stands to correct the injustices of historically liberal feminism. For some time, grand narratives have governed the ideas of self and gender from a single experience of â€Å"man†. Traditionally, modern feminism aimed to eradicate the hegemonic theory of inferiority by women to the male gender. Postmodern feminism aspires to eliminate categories of gender alt ogether, for the social construct of gender is considered to disregardRead MoreFeminist Theory : The Beginnings Of Feminism1571 Words   |  7 Pages The Beginnings of Feminism â€Å"Feminist theory is an attempt to bring in views from the movement and other female experiences along with research and data information to create new ways to putting an end to female oppression (Kolmar and Bartkowski 12).† Women of all time periods use feminist theory to collaborate together on their real life experiences to come up with ways to make women apart of everyday life. Throughout the different time periods, women have gained more and more power into societyRead MoreEssay on Feminism and Modern Feminist Theory1068 Words   |  5 Pages Feminism is a body of social theory and political movement primarily based on and motivated by the experiences of women. While generally providing a critique of social relations, many proponents of feminism also focus on analyzing gender inequality and the promotion of womens rights, interests, and issues. Feminist theory aims to understand the nature of gender inequality and focuses on gender politics, power relations and sexuality. Feminist political activism campaigns on issues such asRead MoreEssay Feminism and feminist social theory 1100 Words   |  5 PagesFeminism and feminist social theory unlike other theoretical perspectives is woman-centered and inter-disciplinary, hence promotes methods of achieving social justice. The feminism and feminist social theory takes into consideration three questions, what of the women? Why is the present social world as it is today? Additionally, how can the social world be changed to make it more just for the women and all people alike? In recent developments, feminist theorists have begun questioning the differences

Its Norml free essay sample

Recent medical experiments have show that cannabis is another form of agony relief, focusing mostly on neuropathic pain. It has been proven that medicinal cannabis has cured or eased the patient’s symptoms of nausea, glaucoma, migraines and spastic movements like Tourette’s syndrome, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and seizures. A catastrophic reality is that thousands of patients are denied the use of medicinal cannabis due to marijuana prohibition. It has been shown that smoking marijuana can help those with Attention Deficit Disorder, also known as ADD and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, (ADHD) like symptoms. Patients who anguish from HIV, AIDs or chemotherapy for cancer find it much more pleasing to eat food after using marijuana, as it is a formidable appetite stimulant. Emerging studies show that medical cannabis can lead to sheltering the body of a few types of malignant tumors. Along with preventing a few types of malignant tumors, marijuana can slow other types down as well. We will write a custom essay sample on Its Norml or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Now, without medical concerns in mind, let us talk about what does not happen when people do decide to smoke marijuana. Different dosages can affect the awareness and psychomotor functions, which could impair one’s driving ability. Nonetheless, in driving experiments, cannabis shows nearly no car-handling impairment. Smoking increases tentativeness, therefore making it safe to drive a vehicle and operate machinery. Reports show that fatally injured drivers that have Tetrahydrocannabinol, better known as THC, detected in their blood also have high alcohol levels as well. Unlike marijuana, tobacco accounts for more than 400,000 deaths each year, and nearly 50,000 people die from alcohol poisoning each year. Marijuana is nonhazardous and there is no possible way to overdose on this drug. Other examples of smoking cannabis and still capable of doing everyday things, would be a student going to school or an adult going to work. Students and working adults could smoke marijuana and still be able to perform tasks at hand, such things like doing homework, class lessons, talking with clients or composing a major presentation for your company’s owners would become easier due to paying closer attention to details from the vigilance that using marijuana can give you. Say you are feeling particularly down one day, it has been proven that smoking cannabis can change your mood dramatically by making you laugh, giggle, and smile constantly, making your mood happy and carefree while keeping up with everyday tasks. Many people believe that marijuana is a â€Å"gateway drug†, the concept that although, cannabis might not be dangerous, it may and can lead to experimentation with â€Å"harder† drugs like heroin and cocaine. However, this is a myth that has not seemed to go away. Marijuana has not yet been proven to lead users to â€Å"harder† drugs. Other influences such as alcohol may lead it’s users to experiment with harder drugs because they are more than likely to not know what they are doing or may not even be fully aware of the situation. Smoking marijuana will keep you fully aware and vigilant. Under the influence of cannabis a person may be even more paranoid and knowledgeable to the consequences that come with trying these harder drugs. Marijuana is innocuous and cannot kill its users by accidental overdose.

Leading in Healthcare

Introduction Leadership especially in the field of nursing has become an important topic today as healthcare researchers place a lot of emphasis in leadership training (Canadian Nursing Association, 2010). Most researchers (Daly, Speedy and Jackson, 2004) views leadership as integral in the creation of new health care systems around the world because it ensures there is proper health care delivery and patient management.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Leading in Healthcare specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The changing health care industry and the rapid changes that have taken place in the health care systems have placed a lot of importance in leadership amongst health care providers (Goodwin, 2006). The changing health care systems have been attributed to the changing social institutions around the world that have been facing transitions since the beginning of industrialization and the introduction of the inform ation technology era (Goodwin, 2006). Therefore, building up leadership capabilities for nurses is very essential to enable them provide proper healthcare in any situation. This paper is a case study on building up leadership capabilities on nurses working in remote area in North Batinah Region in Oman. Background of Nursing Management in Oman The North Batinah Region of Oman which will be our area of focus in this study falls under the Al Batinah Region which is found in the coast of the Gulf of Oman. The area experiences health care shortages in terms of both staff as well as health care facilities to meet the primary health care needs of the citizens in the area. In the North Batinah Region (NBR), there are ten health care institutions located in remote areas that offer a range of medical services such as dental and general health checkups, pre-natal and post natal healthcare, special care services for people with disabilities and dialysis treatment for kidney failure as well as treatments for various other types of illnesses (Alghemini, 2008). These healthcare services are mostly offered by nurses and other health workers within the institution which means that nurses have the most work when it comes to health care service delivery in this region. Accessing these medical facilities and institutions is however a challenge for most residents in this area because the nature of this area is characterised by rough terrain and dry weather.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This, combined with the shortage in health care workers has made it difficult for nurses in NBR health care institutions to perform their duties effectively and efficiently. The role of most nurses within the health care institutions is to address the immediate health care concerns and issues presented by the patients. Because of the infrequent visits made by physicians and specialist docto rs, the nurses have to make the official decision on how the patient will be treated based on whether they have been able to diagnose their condition. Besides, because of the constrained shortage in specialist doctors visiting this region, nurses have added responsibilities and duties of making the right diagnosis at the right time in order to save time. This makes it paramount for nurses to have essential skills in leadership and management in order to empower them to effectively perform these critical roles. It is from this background that this study aims to explore and discuss the various leadership theories and concepts that can be effectively applied in this context in order to empower nurses working in NBR regions with necessary leadership skills that will enable them overcome their present limitations as far as leadership and management of cases is concerned. More specifically this study intends to design and develop an education program that can be used for that purpose in N BR by reviewing similar case studies and literature review of theories that have been proven to be effective in imparting leadership skills among nursing professionals. This education program is primarily aimed at enabling nurses to become better medical decision makers when treating patients. The idea is to create a leadership capability program which will train nurses on how they can take up leadership roles within their health care institutions in NBR. The program will basically be a leadership supported program where the nurses will be assigned to nurse leaders who are based in some of the major hospitals in the Al Batinah region to ensure they have been properly equipped with leadership abilities and skills. The leadership and capability program will contain courses on leadership and management, leadership enhancement within the health care facility, succession plans within the work environment and more specifically leadership roles within the nursing profession.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Leading in Healthcare specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Indeed according to Curtis, Sheerin and Varies 2011, â€Å"leadership can be developed through specific educational activities and by modelling and practicing leadership competencies† (347). Justification for leadership capability program for nurses in NBR Nurses have been viewed to be in a position to influence healthcare systems, policies, legislation and delivery of health services while at the same time observing the nursing code (NMC, 2008). Leadership therefore becomes important in exerting the necessary influence to effect such changes within the healthcare systems. Nurse training mostly focuses on how to provide adequate health care to patients seeking medical assistance and also how to operate medical technology. These programs offer very limited training on leadership as the different levels of training for nurses mostly fo cus on administrative procedures and handling medical equipment instead of how to use their positions as nurses for leadership purposes. Staff nurses who work for ten hour shifts in a day have the power and the influence to make changes in their work environment because of the various medical and administrative situations they are exposed to every day of the week (Valentine, 2010; (Swansburg, 2006). For example, in most of the health care institutions in the North Batinah Region they have the power to decide when to call in a physician, choose medical interventions for the patient or decide on which medical plan is appropriate for treating the patient. Such level of responsibility indicates that nurses in NBR can greatly benefit from a leadership program and in the process drastically improve healthcare delivery in this region. Allowing them some autonomy in making healthcare decisions will mean laying a foundation for leadership in nursing; such a nursing leadership capabilities ca n be built by evaluating their nursing decisions based on patient outcome assessment Building leadership capabilities for nurses is important as it helps them to take effective action and make fast decisions when it comes to health care delivery and patient management as we shall see in later section of this paper (Swansburg, 2006).Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Consequently, Hendricks, Cope and Harris (2010) note that it is important to build leadership capabilities in nurses as it helps them to act autonomously within the clinical setting as well as make important decisions at the point of patient service. Building leadership capabilities in nursing is also important because it helps them to develop their professional careers to meet with the goals and objectives of the health care facility. Apart from being effective leaders, nurses who have been equipped with leadership capabilities can be able to act as advocates for patients and other nurses within the work environment. Finally, nursing advocacy in health care institutions is an important aspect of leadership as it reduces the internal and external work pressures in especially for new nurses and other health workers (Swansburg 2006). This justifies the decision to build leadership capabilities for nurses working in remote areas similar to NBR. The concept for leadership capability pro gram for nurses in NBR The need for a leadership capability program for nurses working in NBR was based on an assessment conducted by the Nursing Association in Oman on the need to train nurses on nursing leadership within these health care institutions, the program was scheduled to start in January 2010. The management of the Oman Nursing Association were the main decision making authority on how the leadership development activities would be conducted during the leadership capability program. The building up leadership capability program will involve attaching senior nurses to work with nurse leaders for a period of three months. Through introducing leadership theories as well concept of nursing management to nurses working in remote area will enable them to manage health institutions based on theoretical manner and critical analysis of situations. In this section, this paper will discuss the theoretical framework from which a leadership educational program can be designed that is case specific for nurses in NBR that is based on the unique nature of health facilities in this region. Because of the nursing shortage that exists in the North Batinah Region as well as the lack of doctors and physicians to offer leadership guidance on how to treat patients, the leadership capability program will be an important instrument in addressing these gaps in many of the hospitals and clinics that exist in the area. The use of nurse leaders drawn from the Nursing Association of Oman will ensure that the nurses placed under the program are properly trained on how they can be able to apply leadership skills in the performance of their work duties. The leadership capability program will focus on leadership and management within the health care environment and how nurses can be effective leaders while carrying out the duties that come with their profession. While the program is focused on equipping the nurses with important leadership skills, it does not take away from their o riginal roles which are those of caregivers. Leading in healthcare involves incorporating leadership activities in nursing and healthcare activities to improve the current healthcare systems to better states. Leadership in nursing involves equipping nurses with the necessary skills and knowledge that will enable them to participate in decision making processes related to patient care and patient safety. Leadership in healthcare places a lot of emphasis on nurses to acquire leadership skills that will be used in developing their careers. This is because leading in healthcare requires nurses to seize opportunities that will enable them become leaders as well as influencing their peers towards change. Leadership in healthcare also requires nurses to provide support services especially to new nurses and other health care workers within the healthcare facility. It also requires accountability and the application of the nursing code of ethics during the performance of work activities and duties (Canadian Nursing Association, 201). As nurse training and experience becomes more important in the health industry, healthcare researchers have developed leadership theories that can be used to improve the leadership capabilities of these professionals (Laurent 2000). Generally, there are three main theories that have been postulated to apply in developing nursing leadership; these dynamic leadership, quantum leadership and transformational leadership (Laurent, 2000). Quantum leadership theory Quantum leadership theory is a concept that is derived from quantum physics; it deals with helping nurses or other healthcare professionals to make important medical decisions without the help of physicians or medical doctors (Curtin, 2011). According to Curtin, â€Å"The quantum paradigm basically emphasizes relationships and integration; it is holistic rather than particulate†; it does this by looking at system units as separate entities that are essentially interconnected (Cu rtin, 2011). In building leadership skills among nurses, quantum leadership theory is most suitable as it will enable the nurses to function autonomously within the context of a health institution which in this case is regarded as the system. The essential features of quantum leadership are generally applicable to nursing professionals especially for this case since quantum leaders are characterized by the need to build relationship, are innovative, able to work effectively and independently within a team work and are passionate about functioning as change agents in their work environments. In fact, quantum leadership according to Curtin (2011) is imperative as it â€Å"demonstrates that the only meaningful change comes from the bottom up† (36). Additionally, Valadez and Sportsman (1999) has identified three critical components of quantum leadership theories that set it apart; these are â€Å"(1) the world is unpredictable; (2) the intent of the observer influences how the w orld is seen; and (3) interrelationships are what count, not the things themselves† (209). All these characteristics and principles are essential for nurses working in NBR and would comprise valuable knowledge when incorporated in the proposed leadership program that targets this group of nurses. In summary quantum leadership theory has been identified by various research studies as important in enabling nurses to overcome traditional management shortcomings and in coping within an ever evolving complex healthcare delivery system similar to those experienced by nurses in NBR This is because quantum leadership will enable nurses for instance to make informed decisions such as on the appropriate time to call in a medical physician when it comes to the treatment of the patient. It will also help nurses to weigh the pros and cons of the different medical interventions available in treating patients under great time and resource constraints. The quantum theory therefore equips nurs es with self direction and self reliance skills that enable them function effectively within a larger team work (Hastings, 2002). Indeed, considering the working environment for nurses in North Batinah region, notably because of the rare appearances that physicians make in many of the health facilities within the area, quantum leadership incorporates valuable skills that are essential for nurses to gain in this context. This is because nurses will benefit from leadership skills that will enable them make important medical decisions in the absence of doctors and other specialist physicians (Hastings, 2002). Transformational leadership This is the type of leadership where a leader identifies the processes that are in need of change after which they develop a vision that will be used to guide the change processes. The transformational leadership theory is usually used in motivating the nurses to develop their own leadership criteria as well as their self reliance skills and is meant to initiate changes within the health care industry by encouraging nurses and other healthcare workers to provide feedback to one another. Transformational leadership style entails people management through innovative ways that are aimed at transforming how employee perceives job responsibilities within the organization (Babou, 2008). Thus, in transformational leadership the focus is on inspiring employees beyond their present levels to a selfless level and is a leadership characterized by inspirational type of leaders and increased levels of motivation among employees (Babou, 2008). Transformational leadership will thus empower nurses to evaluate the healthcare systems that are in place within their facilities after which they are allowed to take part in implementing new policies to improve service delivery (Marshall and Coughlin, 2010). Transformational leadership is described by Flesner, Scott-Cawiezell and Rantz (2005) as the ability of a nurse leader to â€Å"transform the envir onment and the culture of a health care organization† in a successful manner that enables the nurse to â€Å"to see, act on, and satisfy followers’ values and motivations in addition to his or her own† (pg 38); this is in fact the main essence of transformational leadership as it relates to the nursing profession. In concept, transformational leadership is a model that is largely founded on the educational background that nurses are imparted with during the four year duration baccalaureate degree which is described as the main component of transformational nurse leaders. This is because a strong educational background provides one with skills such as communication, critical thinking, scientific thinking, assessment as well as the ability to be culturally sensitive (Flesner et al, 2005). According to Welford, (2002); â€Å"using transformational leadership means accepting that things will change from day-to-day basis and that various capabilities will be required † (pg 9). Daly, Speedy and Jackson (2004) also asserts that the nurses are also expected to explore strategic thinking in management so as to provide a basis for critical decision making within the health care environment and also to respond to any health care issue that might arise in the course of performing nursing activities. However, the key features of transformational leaders include the ability to cultivate interpersonal skills based on mutual respect, team building skills, change management and leadership through continuous education and training since most nurses’ works within a team environment (Flesner et al, 2005). There is no doubt that these same characteristics resonates well with the need for having a leadership education program for nurses in NBR and will facilitate the necessary transition needed to make this nurses to acquire transformational leadership skills besides quantum leadership skills. The transformational leadership theory for instance will be beneficial in providing nurses with necessary skills which they can use to deal with the healthcare needs and challenges of their patient. This is because transformational leaders are equipped with change management and critical thinking skills that in this case will enable nurse leaders to manage change through proven approaches; and because transformational nurse leader is motivated to continuously gain new advanced knowledge in their field of work, they are better positioned to provide better care to their patients. More importantly, transformational nurse leaders are overall more resourceful and more able to customize solutions to fit the unique challenges facing them; this will be an invaluable skill for nurses working in NBR. Thus, the use of transformational leadership within the program will equip nurses with these and other skills as discussed above which they can use to develop and implement policies within the healthcare institutions in the North Batinah Region. Trans formational leadership will also be beneficial to this nursing program as the nurses will be taught on how they can effectively manage a medical facility without the help of any doctors, administrative officers or senior managers since they are continuously trained in current knowledge, are creative critical leaders competent in managing situations as they arise both administratively or for purposes of treating patients. This is even more evident when you consider that transformational leadership involves developing the leadership capacity of an entire team within the work environment by invoking the use of motivation and inspiration to achieve the desired results. For these reasons transformational leaders often turns out to be persons who are charismatic, inspirational, motivational and visionary (Welford, 2002). Indeed, current literature indicates that nurses have been able to demonstrate and promote transformational leadership within the context of healthcare facilities mainly because of the general training that nurses receive in college. Nurses are also trained on how to intellectually stimulate themselves and their peers as they perform their professional duties; they are also trained on how to be considerate and humble when treating their patients (Marshall and Coughlin 2010). These qualities are consistent with transformational leadership and further assert that nurses are essentially imparted transformational leadership skills from an early onset. Thus, this training should incorporate the various aspects of transformational leadership as we have discussed especially the essential transformational skills which empower the nurse leader to manage various challenges at health facilities towards improving healthcare. In general therefore the education program should seek to include modules that will train the North Batinah nurses on how they can influence their colleagues within the health institution so that there is effective change within their work environment. Conclusion Leadership today plays an integral role in nursing as it equips nurses with decision making tools that are vital in assessing the healthcare of patients. The leadership education program proposed will enable nurses to learn practical frameworks which they can use to create and sustain superior health care delivery in the clinics and hospitals where they work. The leadership frameworks taught will provide useful techniques that can be used in the effective and efficient delivery of healthcare services to the residents of North Batinah Region. The leadership capability program will also equip the nurses with important tools which they can use to improve the general performance of their work duties. This is because leadership in nursing has continued to gain more prominence over time as more and more nursing programs incorporate leadership skills and theories into their curriculum. The outcome of the leadership program will empower nurses in NBR to engage in act ive decision making which is directly related to the health care of patients and will allow them to develop important policies and procedures which they can use in managing health care situations within the work place. Additionally, the acquired leadership skills will allow nurses to engage in systematic planning of activities within the health care institutions as well as facilitate the implementation of change in health care services. Providing nurses with leadership skills ensures that they are able to manage activities within the healthcare facility in an efficient and effective way. References Alghemini, M. (2008) Professional nursing in Oman. Web. Babou, R. (2008). Transactional Leadership Vs. Transformational Leadership. Web. Canadian Nursing Association (2010) Nursing leadership in a changing world. Web. Cohen. S. L., (2010) Nursing leadership theory. Web. Curtin, L. 2011. Quantum leadership: succeeding in interesting times. Nurse leader, 1: 34-38. Curtis, E. A. Sheerin, F.K . Varies, J.D. 2011. Developing leadership in nursing: the impact of education and training. British Journal of Nursing, 20 (6): 344-352 Daly, J., Speedy, S., and Jackson, D., (2004) Nursing leadership. New South Wales, Australia :Elsevier. Flesner, M., Scott-Cawiezell, J. Rantz, M. 2005. Preparation of nurse leaders in the 21st century workplace. Nurse leader, 1: 37-41. Goodwin, N. 2006. Leadership in healthcare: a European perspective. New York: Routledge. Hasting, J. 2002. Modern nursing and modern physics: does quantum theory contain useful insights for nursing practice and health care management?. Nursing Philosophy, 3: 205- 212. Hendricks, J. M., Cope, V. C., Harris, M. 2010. A leadership program in an undergraduate nursing course in Western Australia: building leaders in our midst.  Nurse Education Today, 30(3): 252-257. Huber, D. 2006 Leadership and nursing care management. Pennsylvania: Saunders Elsevier. Kouzes, J. M., Posner, B. Z. 2002. The leadership challenge. San Francisco: John Wiley and Sons. Laurent, C. L. 2000. A nursing theory for nursing leadership. Journal of Nursing  Management, 8: 83-87. Marshall, E., and Coughlin, J. 2010. Transformational leadership in nursing: from  expert clinician to influential leader. New York: Springer Publishing Company Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC). 2008. The code: standards of conduct,  performance and ethics for nurses and midwives. London: Nursing and Midwifery Council. OK. Swansburg, R. C. 2006. Management and leadership for nurse managers. London,   UK: Jones and Bartlett Publishers Inc. OK. Valentine, S. O., (2010) Nursing leadership and the new nurse. Web. Valadez, A., Sportsman, S. 1999. Environmental management; Principles from Quantum theory. Journal of Professional nursing, 15. 4: 209-213. Welford, C. 2002. Transformational leadership in nursing: matching the theory to practice. Nursing Management, 9 (4): 7-11. This essay on Leading in Healthcare was written and submitted by user Caitlyn Byrd to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.